Synergistic effect of clinicopathological factors on mortality risk in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer: An analysis using the SEER database

ObjectivesIn this study, we analyzed the effects of histology subtypes, lymph node N-stages, and the presence of extrathyroidal extensions on cancer-specific survival (CSS) and overall survival (OS) in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer.Materials and methodsCox proportional hazards regression analyses were carried out to evaluate the correlations between clinicopathological factors and CSS/OS. The combined effects of these factors on CSS and OS were then analyzed to determine the relative excess risk, attributable proportion, and synergy index. Kaplan-Meier curves were used to evaluate the mortality rate.ResultsA total of 86033 cases were included in the analysis. Histology subtype, N-stage, and extrathyroidal extension were all found to be risk factors for CSS (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.8, 95% confidence intervals [CI]: 1.4–2.3, p < 0.001; HR = 1.9, 95% CI: 1.6–2.3, p < 0.001; HR = 1.4, 95% CI: 1.0–1.9, p = 0.035, respectively). The risk factors for OS were histology subtype and N-stage (HR = 1.3, 95% CI; 1.2–1.5, p < 0.001; HR = 1. 4, 95% CI: 1.3–1.5, p < 0.001, respectively) but not extrathyroidal extension (HR = 1.1, 95% CI: 0.9–1.3, p = 0.228). Furthermore, histology subtype and N-stage, histology subtype and extrathyroidal extension, and N stage and extrathyroidal extension (relative excess risk, attributable proportion, and synergy index: 48.8, 0.9, 7.6; 50.2, 0.7, 3.9; 7.0, 0.3, 1.6; respectively) were found to have significant synergistic effects.ConclusionPatients with follicular thyroid carcinoma (FTC) and extrathyroidal extension or lymph node metastasis are at a higher risk of mortality. Histology subtype, N-stage, and extrathyroidal extension appear to have synergistic effects on the increased risk of poor CSS in patients. This result can in the further development of treatment guidelines to improve the outcome of FTC patients.     

以大型单中心的医院登记为基础的3.5万例乳腺癌患者长期生存报告

背景与目的：基于医院登记为基础的3.5万例乳腺癌患者的随访资料，分析其5年和10年观察生存率与无病生存率，为了解我国乳腺癌患者长期生存提供真实世界研究证据。方法：研究纳入2003年1月1日—2017年12月31日在复旦大学附属肿瘤医院确诊为乳腺癌并接受住院治疗的患者共35 872例，通过查阅患者复诊病史、电话随访和死因数据链接等方式收集患者的生存随访资料，随访统计时间截至2019年11月30日。采用Kaplan-Meier法估计患者1、3、5和10年总生存率（overall survival，OS）和无病生存率（disease-free survival，DFS），根据年龄组、性别、首次治疗时期各亚组分别描述。结果：所有患者经中位4.7年随访后，5和10年OS分别为92.5%和83.0%，相应DFS分别为86.6%、77.0%。不同年龄段患者OS和DFS的差异有统计学意义，不同性别患者OS和DFS的差异无统计学意义。2003—2005年、2006—2008年、2009—2011年、2012—2014年、2015—2017年各时期患者5年OS和DFS分别为85.8%、92.0%、92.1%、92.9%、93.8% 和70.2%、84.7%、86.0%、87.8%、90.1%；2003—2005年、2006—2008年患者10年OS分别为71.0%、82.6%，DFS分别为56.0%、75.2%，后3年相比前3年分别提升了11.6%和19.2%。结论：首次报告国内乳腺癌患者的10年长期生存结果，发现2003—2017年乳腺癌患者OS和DFS呈明显的增长趋势，预后和长期生存正在不断改善，可能与筛查应用早诊早治以及临床治疗方法的进步有关。35岁以下年轻乳腺癌患者预后稍差，值得关注。     

Prognostic and clinicopathological utility of programmed death-ligand 1 in malignant pleural mesothelioma: A meta-analysis

ObjectiveProgrammed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) has been reported to be connected to prognosis in individuals with malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM), although there is no consensus based on data from previous studies. Accordingly, this quantitative meta-analysis investigated prognostic and clinicopathological utility of PD-L1 in patients with MPM.MethodsA comprehensive search of the PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases for articles published up to October 4, 2019 was performed. Studies using immunohistochemical techniques to detect/quantify the expression of PD-L1 in MPM tissue were enrolled in the analysis. The combined hazard ratio (HR) and corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI) was applied to assess the association between PD-L1 expression and overall survival (OS).ResultsA total of 11 studies comprising 1606 patients was included in the present meta-analysis. For OS, pooled data revealed an HR of 1.50 (95% CI 1.32–1.70; p < 0.001), suggesting that patients with PD-L1 overexpression experience inferior OS. Subgroup analysis revealed that elevated PD-L1 remained a significant prognostic indicator for worse OS, irrespective of sample size, cut-off value, ethnicity, and Newcastle-Ottawa Scale score. Moreover, PD-L1 overexpression was associated with non-epithelioid histology (odds ratio 4.30 [95% CI 1.89–9.74]; p < 0.001).ConclusionsResults of this meta-analysis show that elevated expression of PD-L1 could be a factor predicting poorer survival in patients with MPM.     

Difference in Survival in Early Kidney after Liver Transplantation Compared with Simultaneous Liver-Kidney Transplantation: Evaluating the Potential of the “Safety Net”

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食管鳞癌基因多态性表达与生存分析

目的:探讨食管鳞癌肿瘤组织中ERCC1、TYMS、TUBB3基因表达与预后生存的关系。方法:选择2012年9月至2016年5月我科收治的68例食管鳞癌患者，术后病理分期IIa-IIIa期；检测肿瘤组织ERCC1、TYMS、TUBB3 mRNA表达水平。术后患者分为个体化化疗组和标准化疗组，个体化组患者根据基因检测结果选择敏感药物化疗方案（CF/DCF/TC方案）进行化疗，标准组应用CF方案化疗，所有患者长期随访，统计化疗不良反应及生存数据。结果:肿瘤组织中ERCC1、TYMS、TUBB3阳性表达率分别为43%、47%、51%，无统计学差异（P＞0.05）。所有患者总一年生存率、两年生存率及三年生存率为分别为90.57%，72.45%和59.77%。生存曲线分析提示:0项基因阳性组预后最佳（P＜0.05），而1项、2项和3项基因阳性组间无统计学差异（P＞0.05）。个体化化疗组的III/IV级化疗不良反应发生率明显低于标准化疗组（P＜0.05）。结论:食管鳞癌患者中ERCC1、TYMS、TUBB3表达具有特定的临床特征，其高表达患者预后欠佳。根据基因检测结果进行个体化化疗可以获得更好的疗效和耐受性，不良反应更轻。     

血小板与淋巴细胞比值预测三阴性乳腺癌临床预后及与免疫球蛋白表达的关系

目的:探讨血小板与淋巴细胞比值（platelet to lymphocyte ratio，PLR）对三阴性乳腺癌的临床预后影响及与免疫球蛋白表达的关系。方法:回顾性分析2006年1月至2012年12月于我院乳腺外科住院治疗的134例三阴性乳腺癌患者。临床独立预后因素采用单因素和多因素Cox回归模型分析。术后生存时间和生存曲线比较采用Kaplan-Meier和log-rank方法。结果:PLR是三阴性乳腺癌的独立预后因素，最佳临界值为155.00。PLR＜155.00组，术后中位DFS为35.51月，中位OS为55.24月；PLR≥155.00组，术后中位DFS为25.07月，中位OS为35.17月。两组术后DFS和OS比较，差异具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论:PLR是三阴性乳腺癌的独立预后因素，具有重复性强、非侵袭性、方便实用等特性，可用于预测三阴性乳腺癌临床预后。     

Baseline Sarcopenia is Associated with Lack of Response to Therapy,Liver Decompensation and High Mortality in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Patients

Objective: hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a dreadful complication of liver cirrhosis. Aim was to study the effect of sarcopenia on the survival in patients with HCC. Methods: we included 262 patients and were followed up for 12 months. Sarcopenia was calculated by skeletal muscle index (SMI). Sarcopenia was defined by SMI ≤39 cm2/m2 for women and ≤50 cm2/m2 for men. Results: patients with sarcopenia (n= 113, 43.1%) were older, mainly males, Child-Pugh class B and smokers. Patients with sarcopenia had lower survival than those without (10.09 vs. 11.72 months). Survival was also lower in Barcelona clinic liver cancer stage C than B and A (9.02 vs. 11.21 vs. 11.89 months). Age and sarcopenia were hazardous of mortality (p <0.05). There was statistically significant difference of serial SMI in patients without baseline sarcopenia unlike patients with baseline sarcopenia. On follow up patients with sarcopenia had higher incidence of ascites (45% vs. 20.4%), spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (21.7% vs. 11.6%), hepatic encephalopathy (28% vs. 11.5%) and bleeding (22.9% vs. 12.7%). Totally patients with sarcopenia had higher incidence of progressive HCC (39% vs. 25.5%). Conclusion: Sarcopenia is associated with lack of response to therapy, liver decompensation and higher mortality in hepatocellular carcinoma patients.